CSS Political Science Paper 2021 (II)
SECTION-A
Q. No. 2. Under the Unitary State System, how does the local government system work in the UK?
Q. No. 3. How does the system of Checks and Balances work in the US political system?
SECTION-B
Q. No. 4. “A strong political system needs a very strong political economy”. Prove this statement by making a comparative and analytical answer with reference to China and Malaysia.
Q. No. 5. Discuss the major issues of the constitutional-making process in Pakistan in 1956, 1962, and 1973.
Q. No. 6. What are the major obstacles to the process of national integration in contemporary Pakistan? Suggest remedies for the success of the process.
Q. No. 7. Write down the major determinants of the foreign policy of Pakistan.
Q. No. 8. Discuss the features of the Turkish model of democracy keeping the distinguished position of the armed forces in Turkish politics.
SECTION-A
Q. No. 2. Under the Unitary State System, how does the local government system work in the UK?
Summary: This question explores how local government functions within the framework of a unitary state system, using the UK as a case study. In the UK, the central government holds supreme authority, and local governments operate with powers delegated to them by the central government. Local councils manage services like education, healthcare, and transport, but their powers are defined by acts of Parliament and can be altered or revoked by the central government. The question requires a detailed examination of how the UK’s system balances local governance with central control under the unitary state structure.
Q. No. 3. How does the system of Checks and Balances work in the US political system?
Summary: This question requires an explanation of the system of checks and balances in the United States. The U.S. political system, based on the Constitution, establishes three separate branches of government—executive, legislative, and judicial—to prevent any one branch from gaining too much power. Each branch has specific powers to limit the actions of the others. For example, the executive can veto laws, the legislature can override vetoes, and the judiciary can declare laws unconstitutional. The question asks for an analysis of how this system maintains the balance of power and protects democratic principles in the U.S.
SECTION-B
Q. No. 4. “A strong political system needs a very strong political economy”. Prove this statement by making a comparative and analytical answer with reference to China and Malaysia.
Summary: This question calls for a comparative analysis of China and Malaysia to demonstrate how a robust political economy is essential for a strong political system. In China, the Communist Party has maintained strong control over both the political system and the economy, facilitating rapid economic growth and political stability. Similarly, Malaysia has developed a strong political economy through state-led industrialization, while balancing ethnic diversity and political power. The answer should analyze how each country’s political economy—state control, economic strategies, and political stability—has helped strengthen their political systems.
Q. No. 5. Discuss the major issues of the constitutional-making process in Pakistan in 1956, 1962, and 1973.
Summary: This question examines the challenges faced in the constitutional-making process in Pakistan during 1956, 1962, and 1973. Each constitution faced significant political, social, and regional challenges: the 1956 Constitution was the first but struggled with political instability and the balancing of power between East and West Pakistan; the 1962 Constitution, introduced by Ayub Khan, emphasized presidential power and military control, which led to political opposition; the 1973 Constitution, which remains in effect, was a product of a difficult political consensus and aimed to address issues of federalism and democracy but faced challenges regarding the role of the military and ethnic tensions. The question requires a detailed analysis of the issues and events surrounding each constitution.
Q. No. 6. What are the major obstacles to the process of national integration in contemporary Pakistan? Suggest remedies for the success of the process.
Summary: This question addresses the key challenges to national integration in Pakistan today, which include ethnic diversity, political instability, regional disparities, and economic inequality. Issues like provincial autonomy, ethnic nationalism, and the centralization of power are major factors that hinder unity. The question requires the identification of these obstacles and suggests solutions such as strengthening democratic institutions, improving economic equality, promoting inclusive policies, and fostering national identity and unity through education and inter-provincial cooperation.
Q. No. 7. Write down the major determinants of the foreign policy of Pakistan.
Summary: This question asks for an explanation of the key factors that shape Pakistan’s foreign policy. Major determinants include national security concerns, particularly with neighboring India, economic interests, relations with major powers like the United States and China, strategic alliances, and the role of the military in foreign policy decision-making. Pakistan’s foreign policy is also influenced by its domestic political situation, regional stability, and its position in global geopolitical dynamics. The answer should discuss how these factors have historically influenced Pakistan’s foreign policy and its approach to international relations.
Q. No. 8. Discuss the features of the Turkish model of democracy keeping the distinguished position of the armed forces in Turkish politics.
Summary: This question requires a discussion of the Turkish model of democracy, which is unique due to the prominent role played by the Turkish military in politics. Although Turkey has a parliamentary democracy, the military has historically intervened in politics through coups and has played a key role in safeguarding the secular nature of the state. The question asks to analyze how this influence affects Turkey’s democratic processes, balancing civilian governance with military oversight, and how this model has evolved in recent decades, especially with changes in political leadership and the increased role of the AKP (Justice and Development Party). The answer should also consider the tensions between military influence and democratic consolidation in Turkey.