CSS islamiat Paper 2017
Q.No. 2. Who are entitled to receive Zakat according to the Quran? Elucidating social impact of Zakat, clarify how can poverty be alleviated with its distribution in Islamic Society? (20)
Q.No. 3. Write a comprehensive note on the right of inheritance granted to women by Islam. (20)
Q.No. 4. How were the Rightly-guided Caliphs elected? To what extent their system of government be regarded as democratic? (20)
Q.No. 5. Elucidate how the Prophet of Islam (Peace be upon him) exemplified him as the greatest peace maker in the world by making reconciliation with pagans, Jews and Christians? (20)
Q.No. 6. Explain the concept of self-purification in the light of the Qur’ān and Sunnah and its impact on society. (20)
Q.No. 7. Enumerate the reasons of extremism in Pakistan and suggest solutions to eradicate it in the light of Islamic teachings. (20)
Q.No. 8. Define Ijma’ (consensus) and explain its different kinds. Highlight its importance in the light of the Qur’ān and Sunnah. (20)
Summaries of Questions:
Here are simplified summaries of the essay topics:
1. Who Are Entitled to Receive Zakat According to the Quran? Elucidating Social Impact of Zakat, Clarify How Can Poverty Be Alleviated with Its Distribution in Islamic Society?
Zakat is a form of charity prescribed in Islam, and the Quran specifies the categories of people entitled to receive it. These include the poor, the needy, those in debt, those working for Zakat, new Muslims, those who are striving in the path of Allah, and those whose hearts need to be reconciled. The social impact of Zakat is significant as it helps redistribute wealth within the society, reduces poverty, and bridges the gap between rich and poor. By ensuring that wealth circulates fairly, poverty can be alleviated, social justice can be promoted, and community welfare can be enhanced in an Islamic society. It encourages a culture of compassion and solidarity.
2. Write a Comprehensive Note on the Right of Inheritance Granted to Women by Islam
In Islam, women have clear and well-defined inheritance rights, ensuring financial security and equality in the distribution of wealth. According to the Quran, women are entitled to inherit from their parents, husbands, and relatives. The share of inheritance for women, however, may differ from that of men, depending on the relationship to the deceased. For example, a daughter inherits half of what a son receives, reflecting the financial responsibilities placed on men in society. Despite these differences, Islam grants women their fair rights to property, empowering them economically and socially, and ensuring their dignity and independence.
3. How Were the Rightly-Guided Caliphs Elected? To What Extent Was Their System of Government Democratic?
The Rightly-guided Caliphs (Abu Bakr, Umar, Uthman, and Ali) were elected through a process of consultation (Shura) among the companions of the Prophet (PBUH) and the community. Abu Bakr was elected as the first Caliph by consensus after the death of the Prophet, and the subsequent Caliphs were chosen through similar consultative processes. The system of governance under the Caliphs can be seen as democratic to an extent, as the leaders were accountable to the people, and decisions were made with input from the community. However, it was not a democracy in the modern sense, as it was deeply rooted in Islamic principles and governance, with the Caliphs adhering to the Quran and Sunnah.
4. How Did the Prophet of Islam (Peace Be Upon Him) Exemplify Himself as the Greatest Peacemaker in the World by Making Reconciliation with Pagans, Jews, and Christians?
The Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) exemplified peace and reconciliation throughout his life, even with groups who opposed him. His negotiations and treaties with pagans, Jews, and Christians, such as the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah and the Charter of Medina, are prime examples of his diplomatic skill. These agreements promoted mutual respect, coexistence, and protection of religious freedom. His approach was one of dialogue and understanding, where he sought peace over conflict and aimed to establish a society based on justice, respect, and equality for all, regardless of their faith.
5. Explain the Concept of Self-Purification in the Light of the Qur’an and Sunnah and Its Impact on Society
Self-purification, or Tazkiyah, in Islam refers to the process of purifying the soul from negative traits such as arrogance, greed, and jealousy, while cultivating virtues such as humility, patience, and kindness. The Quran and Sunnah emphasize the importance of this inner purification, as it leads to spiritual growth, personal development, and social harmony. A purified individual contributes positively to society by acting justly, being compassionate, and upholding the values of Islam. As more people engage in self-purification, the collective impact is a peaceful, just, and ethical society.
6. Enumerate the Reasons of Extremism in Pakistan and Suggest Solutions to Eradicate It in the Light of Islamic Teachings
Extremism in Pakistan can be attributed to factors such as political instability, poverty, lack of education, misinterpretation of religious teachings, and foreign influence. Extremism often arises from feelings of alienation, frustration, and misguided ideologies. Islamic teachings call for peace, tolerance, and justice, and extremists misinterpret these teachings for their personal gain. Solutions to eradicate extremism include promoting education, fostering dialogue and understanding between different groups, and strengthening social welfare programs. Islamic scholars and leaders also have a role in spreading true knowledge of Islam, which emphasizes moderation and the rejection of violence.
7. Define Ijma’ (Consensus) and Explain Its Different Kinds. Highlight Its Importance in the Light of the Qur’an and Sunnah
Ijma’ refers to the consensus of Islamic scholars or the community on a particular issue, and it is considered a source of Islamic law (Sharia). There are different types of Ijma’, including Ijma’ of the scholars of a particular region or the entire Muslim community, and Ijma’ that is based on the consensus of the Prophet’s companions. The importance of Ijma’ lies in its role in ensuring that the Muslim community remains united and that decisions are made collectively, based on shared knowledge and understanding of the Quran and Sunnah. Ijma’ reflects the principles of consultation and consensus within Islam, providing a means for addressing new issues not explicitly mentioned in the Quran or Hadith.