CSS Pakistan Affairs Paper 2023
- Write in detail and systematic analysis of the chrismatic leadership of Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah, the leader of Indian Muslims during the crisis-ridden decade of 1937-47. (20 marks)
- Having the largest irrigation system in the world, the land of the subcontinent served as the main food supply basket for the British power for more than a century but now Pakistan has to import food commodities. Discuss in detail the causes of this agricultural decline. (20 marks)
- Industrialisation is the backbone of modern economic system and uplifts the standard of living of the masses. Elaborate causes for the hindrance of industrial development in Pakistan. (20 marks)
- The evolution of Democratic system has always remained are dilemma in Pakistan. Even after passing more than 7 decades of its existence the democracy could not get its roots. Discuss in detail. (20 marks)
- Joining the US lead coalition in the war against terrorism has many short and long term repercussions for Pakistan. Elaborate (20 marks)
- Pakistan is located on the cross road of South-Asia. Explain its geostrategic/political importance and challenges. (20 marks)
- Pakistan is considered to be the 5th largest youth bulge country in the world. Given this youth bulge, deliberate on ways forward for sustainable economic development in Pakistan. (20 marks)
Summary of Questions:
Write in detail and systematic analysis of the charismatic leadership of Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah, the leader of Indian Muslims during the crisis-ridden decade of 1937-47.
Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah’s leadership during the 1937-47 period was instrumental in the creation of Pakistan. His charisma stemmed from his unwavering commitment to the political and economic rights of Muslims in India. Faced with the challenge of a divided Muslim community, Jinnah’s visionary leadership united Muslims under the banner of the All-India Muslim League, emphasizing the Two-Nation Theory. His clear articulation of Muslim concerns, coupled with his ability to navigate the complex political landscape of British India, led to the successful demand for a separate Muslim state, Pakistan, in 1947.
Having the largest irrigation system in the world, the land of the subcontinent served as the main food supply basket for the British power for more than a century, but now Pakistan has to import food commodities. Discuss in detail the causes of this agricultural decline.
Despite having the world’s largest irrigation system, Pakistan faces a decline in agricultural productivity due to several factors. These include outdated farming techniques, inefficient water management, and a lack of modernization in agriculture. Additionally, soil degradation, water scarcity, and poor infrastructure have hindered growth. The focus on cash crops rather than food crops, combined with inadequate government support and policy inconsistencies, has further deepened the agricultural decline. Climate change has also exacerbated the situation, leading to reduced crop yields.
Industrialization is the backbone of the modern economic system and uplifts the standard of living of the masses. Elaborate causes for the hindrance of industrial development in Pakistan.
Pakistan’s industrial development has faced multiple challenges, including political instability, poor infrastructure, and a lack of investment in human capital. A reliance on traditional industries has limited innovation, while outdated technology and machinery have hindered productivity. The energy crisis, high production costs, and inadequate industrial policies have made Pakistan less competitive in global markets. Additionally, limited access to credit and a lack of entrepreneurship support have also restrained industrial growth. These factors have contributed to slow industrialization, impacting overall economic development.
The evolution of the democratic system has always remained a dilemma in Pakistan. Even after more than seven decades of its existence, democracy could not get its roots. Discuss in detail.
Pakistan has struggled with establishing a stable democratic system due to recurring military interventions, political instability, and institutional weaknesses. Early years of democracy were marred by political factionalism and frequent changes in government. The military’s involvement in politics has often undermined democratic processes, leading to authoritarian rule. Additionally, economic challenges, corruption, and regional disparities have prevented the development of strong political institutions. Despite periods of civilian rule, the political culture has often been fragile, with a lack of continuity in policies and governance.
Joining the US-led coalition in the war against terrorism has many short and long-term repercussions for Pakistan. Elaborate.
Joining the US-led war on terror post-9/11 had both immediate and long-term consequences for Pakistan. In the short term, Pakistan received military aid and support for its anti-terrorism efforts but also faced internal instability due to growing extremism and terrorism within its borders. The alliance strained Pakistan’s relations with its neighbors, particularly India and Afghanistan. Long-term repercussions include the destabilization of Pakistan’s tribal areas, an increase in militancy, and a tarnished international reputation due to allegations of double-dealing in the war. The economic cost of military operations and the loss of civilian lives have further impacted Pakistan’s development.
Pakistan is located at the crossroads of South Asia. Explain its geostrategic/political importance and challenges.
Pakistan’s geostrategic location at the crossroads of South Asia, Central Asia, the Middle East, and China makes it a key player in regional and global politics. It provides access to important trade routes, especially through the Gwadar Port, and plays a crucial role in energy transit and security dynamics. However, Pakistan faces significant challenges, including territorial disputes with India, instability in Afghanistan, and the complexities of managing relationships with major powers like China and the US. Its proximity to volatile regions and the presence of extremist elements further complicates its geopolitical role.
Pakistan is considered to be the 5th largest youth bulge country in the world. Given this youth bulge, deliberate on ways forward for sustainable economic development in Pakistan.
Pakistan’s large youth population presents both an opportunity and a challenge for sustainable economic development. To harness the potential of this demographic, Pakistan must focus on education, skills development, and creating job opportunities. Policies to promote entrepreneurship, innovation, and the digital economy can provide pathways for youth employment. Investment in health and social services is also essential to ensure a productive workforce. Moreover, addressing structural issues like poverty, inequality, and regional disparities will be crucial in tapping into the economic potential of the youth bulge. By focusing on these areas, Pakistan can transform its youth demographic into a driving force for economic growth.